Introduction

Two groundbreaking innovations define the digital age: the World Wide Web and the Internet. These have revolutionised communication, commerce, and information exchange, laying the foundation for modern society. This research explores the origins, evolution, and differences between the Web and the Internet and the technological advancements and frameworks that have fuelled their growth and utility.

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee and his team at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) started developing the World Wide Web in Geneva, Switzerland. They created a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol to standardise communication between servers and clients. Their text-based Web browser was released to the public in January 1992.

Upon entering a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the address bar of a web browser, the browser endeavours to identify the appropriate server on the Internet to connect to. To accomplish this, the browser initiates a Domain Name System (DNS) lookup, which involves obtaining the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the server hosting the website associated with the entered domain. The IP address is then used to connect to the server, enabling the browser to retrieve and display the web page content.